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CODE: 55344
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TITLE: Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks

DEFINITION: Compile data, compute fees and charges, and prepare invoices for billing purposes. Duties include computing costs and calculating rates for goods, services, and shipment of goods; posting data; and keeping other relevant records. May involve use of computer or typewriter, calculator, and adding and bookkeeping machines. Exclude workers whose primary duty is operation of special office machines or workers who calculate charges for passenger transportation.

  • TASKS
  • KNOWLEDGE
  • SKILLS
  • ABILITIES
  • WORK ACTIVITIES
  • WORK CONTEXT
  • INTERESTS
  • WORK VALUES
  • CROSSWALKS


    TASKS:

    1. Computes amounts due from such documents as purchase orders, sales tickets, and charge slips.

    2. Compiles and computes credit terms, discounts, and purchase prices for billing documents.

    3. Keeps records of invoices and support documents.

    4. Consults manuals which include rates, rules, regulations, and government tax and tariff information.

    5. Compiles cost factor reports, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment.

    6. Verifies compiled data from vendor invoices to ensure accuracy and revises billing data when errors are found.

    7. Types billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, and credit forms, using typewriter or computer.

    8. Resolves discrepancies on accounting records.

    9. Answers mail and telephone inquiries regarding rates, routing, and procedures.

    10. Estimates market value of product or services.

    11. Updates manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.

    KNOWLEDGE:
    Knowledge elements are ranked by importance.

    92 Clerical
    Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing systems, filing and records management systems, stenography and transcription, forms design principles, and other office procedures and terminology

    79 Economics and Accounting
    Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data

    79 Mathematics
    Knowledge of numbers, their operations, and interrelationships including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications

    67 English Language
    Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar

    54 Customer and Personal Service
    Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services including needs assessment techniques, quality service standards, alternative delivery systems, and customer satisfaction evaluation techniques

    50 Law, Government and Jurisprudence
    Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process

    50 Computers and Electronics
    Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming

    42 Transportation
    Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including their relative costs, advantages, and limitations

    38 Communications and Media
    Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods including alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media

    38 Telecommunications
    Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems

    21 Psychology
    Knowledge of human behavior and performance, mental processes, psychological research methods, and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders

    21 Geography
    Knowledge of various methods for describing the location and distribution of land, sea, and air masses including their physical locations, relationships, and characteristics

    13 Education and Training
    Knowledge of instructional methods and training techniques including curriculum design principles, learning theory, group and individual teaching techniques, design of individual development plans, and test design principles

    8 Production and Processing
    Knowledge of inputs, outputs, raw materials, waste, quality control, costs, and techniques for maximizing the manufacture and distribution of goods

    8 Administration and Management
    Knowledge of principles and processes involved in business and organizational planning, coordination, and execution. This includes strategic planning, resource allocation, manpower modeling, leadership techniques, and production methods

    8 Sociology and Anthropology
    Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, cultures, their history, migrations, ethnicity, and origins

    8 Therapy and Counseling
    Knowledge of information and techniques needed to rehabilitate physical and mental ailments and to provide career guidance including alternative treatments, rehabilitation equipment and its proper use, and methods to evaluate treatment effects

    8 Sales and Marketing
    Knowledge of principles and methods involved in showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategies and tactics, product demonstration and sales techniques, and sales control systems

    8 Public Safety and Security
    Knowledge of weaponry, public safety, and security operations, rules, regulations, precautions, prevention, and the protection of people, data, and property

    4 Foreign Language
    Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation

    4 Medicine and Dentistry
    Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures

    SKILLS:
    Skills elements are ranked by importance.

    88 Mathematics
    Using mathematics to solve problems

    75 Reading Comprehension
    Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents

    71 Information Gathering
    Knowing how to find information and identifying essential information

    63 Problem Identification
    Identifying the nature of problems

    58 Active Listening
    Listening to what other people are saying and asking questions as appropriate

    54 Writing
    Communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the audience

    50 Monitoring
    Assessing how well one is doing when learning or doing something

    46 Speaking
    Talking to others to effectively convey information

    42 Information Organization
    Finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces of information

    38 Critical Thinking
    Using logic and analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches

    38 Solution Appraisal
    Observing and evaluating the outcomes of a problem solution to identify lessons learned or redirect efforts

    38 Active Learning
    Working with new material or information to grasp its implications

    38 Product Inspection
    Inspecting and evaluating the quality of products

    29 Service Orientation
    Actively looking for ways to help people

    21 Operation and Control
    Controlling operations of equipment or systems

    21 Management of Financial Resources
    Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures

    21 Social Perceptiveness
    Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react the way they do

    21 Synthesis/Reorganization
    Reorganizing information to get a better approach to problems or tasks

    21 Judgment and Decision Making
    Weighing the relative costs and benefits of a potential action

    21 Systems Perception
    Determining when important changes have occurred in a system or are likely to occur

    17 Coordination
    Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions

    17 Equipment Selection
    Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job

    13 Identification of Key Causes
    Identifying the things that must be changed to achieve a goal

    8 Identifying Downstream Consequences
    Determining the long-term outcomes of a change in operations

    8 Learning Strategies
    Using multiple approaches when learning or teaching new things

    8 Time Management
    Managing one's own time and the time of others

    8 Instructing
    Teaching others how to do something

    8 Idea Generation
    Generating a number of different approaches to problems

    8 Idea Evaluation
    Evaluating the likely success of an idea in relation to the demands of the situation

    8 Systems Evaluation
    Looking at many indicators of system performance, taking into account their accuracy

    8 Operations Analysis
    Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design

    4 Science
    Using scientific methods to solve problems

    4 Management of Material Resources
    Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work

    4 Programming
    Writing computer programs for various purposes

    4 Visioning
    Developing an image of how a system should work under ideal conditions

    4 Negotiation
    Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences .

    ABILITIES:
    Abilities elements are ranked by importance.

    100 Number Facility
    The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly

    96 Mathematical Reasoning
    The ability to understand and organize a problem and then to select a mathematical method or formula to solve the problem

    92 Written Comprehension
    The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing

    92 Written Expression
    The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand

    83 Near Vision
    The ability to see details of objects at a close range (within a few feet of the observer)

    79 Information Ordering
    The ability to correctly follow a given rule or set of rules in order to arrange things or actions in a certain order. The things or actions can include numbers, letters, words, pictures, procedures, sentences, and mathematical or logical operations.

    71 Wrist-Finger Speed
    The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists

    67 Perceptual Speed
    The ability to quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object

    63 Oral Comprehension
    The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences

    58 Speech Clarity
    The ability to speak clearly so that it is understandable to a listener

    54 Oral Expression
    The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand

    54 Finger Dexterity
    The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects

    50 Problem Sensitivity
    The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

    50 Deductive Reasoning
    The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer makes sense.

    46 Manual Dexterity
    The ability to quickly make coordinated movements of one hand, a hand together with its arm, or two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects

    46 Speech Recognition
    The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person

    46 Selective Attention
    The ability to concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task over a period of time

    42 Category Flexibility
    The ability to produce many rules so that each rule tells how to group (or combine) a set of things in a different way.

    38 Trunk Strength
    The ability to use one's abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing

    33 Memorization
    The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures

    33 Speed of Closure
    The ability to quickly make sense of information that seems to be without meaning or organization. It involves quickly combining and organizing different pieces of information into a meaningful pattern

    33 Control Precision
    The ability to quickly and repeatedly make precise adjustments in moving the controls of a machine or vehicle to exact positions

    33 Inductive Reasoning
    The ability to combine separate pieces of information, or specific answers to problems, to form general rules or conclusions. It includes coming up with a logical explanation for why a series of seemingly unrelated events occur together.

    33 Fluency of Ideas
    The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a given topic. It concerns the number of ideas produced and not the quality, correctness, or creativity of the ideas.

    29 Time Sharing
    The ability to efficiently shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources)

    29 Visualization
    The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged

    25 Auditory Attention
    The ability to focus on a single source of auditory (hearing) information in the presence of other distracting sounds

    25 Extent Flexibility
    The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with the body, arms, and/or legs

    21 Flexibility of Closure
    The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material

    21 Originality
    The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem

    21 Arm-Hand Steadiness
    The ability to keep the hand and arm steady while making an arm movement or while holding the arm and hand in one position

    17 Visual Color Discrimination
    The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness

    13 Response Orientation
    The ability to choose quickly and correctly between two or more movements in response to two or more signals (lights, sounds, pictures, etc.). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body parts

    13 Multilimb Coordination
    The ability to coordinate movements of two or more limbs together (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the body is in motion

    8 Hearing Sensitivity
    The ability to detect or tell the difference between sounds that vary over broad ranges of pitch and loudness

    8 Speed of Limb Movement
    The ability to quickly move the arms or legs

    8 Static Strength
    The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects

    8 Peripheral Vision
    The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are focused forward

    8 Far Vision
    The ability to see details at a distance

    4 Gross Body Coordination
    The ability to coordinate the movement of the arms, legs, and torso together in activities where the whole body is in motion

    4 Sound Localization
    The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated

    4 Reaction Time
    The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to one signal (sound, light, picture, etc.) when it appears

    4 Glare Sensitivity
    The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting

    4 Night Vision
    The ability to see under low light conditions

    WORK ACTIVITIES:
    Work activities elements are ranked by importance.

    88 Processing Information
    Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, verifying, or processing information or data.

    79 Getting Information Needed to Do the Job
    Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

    75 Documenting or Recording Information
    Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in either written form or by electronic/magnetic recording.

    71 Evaluating Information Against Standards
    Evaluating information against a set of standards and verifying that it is correct.

    71 Updating and Using Job-Relevant Knowledge
    Keeping up-to-date technically and knowing one's own jobs' and related jobs' functions.

    67 Communicating With Persons Outside Organization
    Communicating with persons outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.

    67 Performing Administrative Activities
    Approving requests, handling paperwork, and performing day-to-day administrative tasks.

    67 Estimating Needed Characteristics
    Estimating the Characteristics of Materials, Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities, or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.

    63 Interacting With Computers
    Controlling computer functions by using programs, setting up functions, writing software, or otherwise communicating with computer systems.

    63 Communicating With Other Workers
    Providing information to supervisors, fellow workers, and subordinates. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.

    63 Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events
    Identifying information received by making estimates or categorizations, recognizing differences or similarities, or sensing changes in circumstances or events.

    54 Handling and Moving Objects
    Using one's own hands and arms in handling, installing, forming, positioning, and moving materials, or in manipulating things, including the use of keyboards.

    50 Analyzing Data or Information
    Identifying underlying principles, reasons, or facts by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

    50 Controlling Machines and Processes
    Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

    50 Judging Qualities of Things, Services, or People
    Making judgments about or assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

    50 Monitoring and Controlling Resources
    Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

    46 Interpreting Meaning of Information to Others
    Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be understood or used to support responses or feedback to others.

    46 Implementing Ideas or Programs
    Conducting or carrying out work procedures and activities in accord with one's own ideas or information provided through directions/instructions for purposes of installing, modifying, preparing, delivering, constructing, integrating, finishing, or completing programs, systems, structures, or products.

    46 Resolving Conflict or Negotiating with Others
    Handling complaints, arbitrating disputes, and resolving grievances, or otherwise negotiating with others.

    46 Establishing and Maintaining Relationships
    Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others.

    46 Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing
    Developing plans to accomplish work, and prioritizing and organizing one's own work.

    42 Performing For or Working With Public
    Performing for people or dealing directly with the public, including serving persons in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

    42 Making Decisions and Solving Problems
    Combining, evaluating, and reasoning with information and data to make decisions and solve problems. These processes involve making decisions about the relative importance of information and choosing the best solution.

    29 Monitor Processes, Material, or Surroundings
    Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, often to detect problems or to find out when things are finished.

    21 Coordinating Work and Activities of Others
    Coordinating members of a work group to accomplish tasks.

    17 Developing Objectives and Strategies
    Establishing long range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve these objectives.

    17 Performing General Physical Activities
    Performing physical activities that require moving one's whole body, such as in climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, where the activities often also require considerable use of the arms and legs, such as in the physical handling of materials.

    13 Providing Consultation and Advice to Others
    Providing consultation and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-related, or process related topics.

    8 Thinking Creatively
    Originating, inventing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

    8 Scheduling Work and Activities
    Scheduling events, programs, activities, as well as the work of others.

    8 Repairing and Maintaining Electrical Equipment
    Fixing, servicing, adjusting, regulating, calibrating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.

    8 Assisting and Caring for Others
    Providing assistance or personal care to others.

    8 Selling or Influencing Others
    Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods, or otherwise changing their minds or actions.

    8 Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material
    Inspecting or diagnosing equipment, structures, or materials to identify the causes of errors or other problems or defects.

    4 Developing and Building Teams
    Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.

    4 Teaching Others
    Identifying educational needs, developing formal training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

    4 Coaching and Developing Others
    Identifying developmental needs of others and coaching or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.

    WORK CONTEXT:
    Work context elements are ranked by frequency (F), importance (I), responsibility (R), amount of contact (C), how serious (S), objective vs. subjective (O), automation (A), extent of frustration (E), responsible for health and safety (H), likelihood of injury (L), degree of injury (D) .

    92 (F) Indoors
    How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Indoors

    88 (F) Sitting
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Sitting?

    77 (I) Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
    How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?

    70 (I) Importance of Being Sure All Is Done
    How important is it to be sure that all the details of this job are performed and everything is done completely?

    67 (I) Provide a Service to Others
    How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Provide a service to others (e.g., customers)?

    67 (I) Deal With External Customers
    How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Deal with external customers (e.g., retail sales) or the public in general (e.g., police work)?

    50 (F) Using Hands on Objects, Tools, Controls
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Using hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?

    50 (A) Degree of Automation
    Indicate the level of automation of this job.

    50 (F) Making Repetitive Motions
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Making repetitive motions?

    47 (I) Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
    How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?

    38 (F) Walking or Running
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Walking or running?

    36 (C) Job-Required Social Interaction
    How much does this job require the worker to be in contact (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) with others in order to perform it?

    33 (F) Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
    How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?

    33 (S) Consequence of Error
    How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?

    31 (E) Frustrating Circumstances
    To what extent do frustrating circumstances ("road blocks" to work that are beyond the worker's control) hinder the accomplishment of this job?

    27 (I) Importance of Being Aware of New Events
    How important is being constantly aware of either frequently changing events (e.g. security guard watching for shoplifters) or infrequent events (e.g. radar operator watching for tornadoes) to performing this job?

    27 (I) Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
    How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)

    25 (F) Frequency in Conflict Situations
    How frequently do the job requirements place the worker in conflict situations?

    25 (F) Standing
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Standing?

    21 (F) Bending or Twisting the Body
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Bending or twisting the body?

    21 (F) Kneeling, Crouching or Crawling
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Kneeling, stooping, crouching or crawling?

    17 (F) Contaminants
    How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Contaminants (pollutants, gases, dust, odors, etc.)?

    17 (F) Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
    How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?

    13 (I) Coordinate or Lead Others
    How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities (not supervision)?

    13 (F) Outdoors
    How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Outdoors

    12 (R) Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
    How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?

    10 (I) Take a Position Opposed to Others
    How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Take a position opposed to coworkers or others?

    8 (F) Hazardous Situations
    How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to harardous situations? Hazardous Situations involving likely cuts, bites, stings, or minor burns

    8 (F) Sounds or Noise Levels Are Distracting
    How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable?

    8 (F) Very Hot
    How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Very hot (above 90 F) or very cold (under 32 F) temperatures?

    8 (O) Objective or Subjective Information
    How objective or subjective is the information communicated in this job?

    7 (D) Hazardous Situations
    If injury, due to exposure to hazardous situations, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome? Hazardous Situations involving likely cuts, bites, stings, or minor burns

    7 (I) Persuade Someone to a Course of Action
    How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Persuade someone to a course of action (informally) or influence others to buy something (to sell)?

    5 (L) Hazardous Situations
    What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to hazardous situations while performing this job? Hazardous Situations involving likely cuts, bites, stings, or minor burns

    4 (F) Keeping or Regaining Balance
    How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Keeping or regaining balance?

    4 (F) Hazardous Equipment
    How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to harardous equipment? Hazardous Equipment (e.g., saws, machinery/mechanical parts include exposure to vehicular traffic, but not driving a vehicle)

    4 (F) Hazardous Conditions
    How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to hazardous conditions? Hazardous Conditions (e.g., high voltage electricity, combustibles, explosives, chemicals; do not include hazardous equipment or situations)

    4 (F) Special Uniform
    How often does the worker wear: A special uniform, such as that of a commercial pilot, nurse, police officer, or military personnel?

    4 (F) Radiation
    How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to radiation?

    3 (I) Supervise, Coach, Train Others
    How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Supervise, coach, train, or develop other employees?

    3 (D) Radiation
    If injury, due to exposure to radiation, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome?

    3 (D) Hazardous Equipment
    If injury, due to exposure to hazardous equipment, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome? Hazardous Equipment (e.g., saws, machinery/mechanical parts include exposure to vehicular traffic, but not driving a vehicle)

    3 (D) Hazardous Conditions
    If injury, due to exposure to hazardous conditions, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome? Hazardous Conditions (e.g., high voltage electricity, combustibles, explosives, chemicals; do not include hazardous equipment or situations)

    2 (H) Responsible for Health and Safety of Others
    How responsible is the worker for others' health and safety on this job?

    2 (L) Radiation
    What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to radiation while performing this job?

    2 (L) Hazardous Equipment
    What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to hazardous equipment while performing this job? Hazardous Equipment (e.g., saws, machinery/mechanical parts include exposure to vehicular traffic, but not driving a vehicle)

    2 (L) Hazardous Conditions
    What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to hazardous conditions while performing this job? Hazardous Conditions (e.g., high voltage electricity, combustibles, explosives, chemicals; do not include hazardous equipment or situations)

    INTERESTS:
    Interest elements are ranked by occupational interest.

    94 Conventional
    Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.

    50 Enterprising
    Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

    39 Realistic
    Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

    28 Investigative
    Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.

    17 Social
    Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

    11 Artistic
    Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.

    WORK VALUES:
    Work values elements are ranked by extent.

    61 Working Conditions-Mean Extent
    Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.

    60 Support-Mean Extent
    Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.

    50 Achievement-Mean Extent
    Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.

    47 Relationships-Mean Extent
    Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.

    43 Recognition-Mean Extent
    Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

    38 Independence-Mean Extent
    Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.

    72 Working Conditions
    Workers on this job have good working conditions

    69 Activity
    Workers on this job are busy all the time

    69 Independence
    Workers on this job do their work alone

    66 Company Policies and Practices
    Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company

    66 Security
    Workers on this job have steady employment

    63 Supervision, Human Relations
    Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management

    56 Advancement
    Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement

    56 Moral Values
    Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong

    53 Supervision, Technical
    Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well

    53 Co-workers
    Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with

    53 Autonomy
    Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision

    50 Achievement
    Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment

    50 Ability Utilization
    Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities

    50 Compensation
    Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers

    47 Social Status
    Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community

    44 Recognition
    Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do

    44 Variety
    Workers on this job have something different to do every day

    38 Responsibility
    Workers on this job make decisions on their own

    31 Social Service
    Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people

    25 Authority
    Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others

    22 Creativity
    Workers on this job try out their own ideas

    CROSSWALKS:
    DOT91 (Dictionary of Occupational Titles): 214387018 Services Clerk
    214467010 Foreign Clerk
    214387014 Rate Reviewer
    214382030 Settlement Clerk
    214382014 Billing Typist
    249367034 Evaluator
    214382026 Revising Clerk
    214382022 Interline Clerk
    214362042 Billing Clerk
    214382018 C.O.D. Clerk
    214362038 Traffic-Rate Clerk
    214467014 Pricer, Message and Delivery Service
    214387010 Billing-Control Clerk
    214362026 Invoice-Control Clerk
    216382050 Policy-Value Calculator
    216382054 Receipt-and-Report Clerk
    214362014 Documentation-Billing Clerk
    214362010 Demurrage Clerk
    191367010 Personal Property Assessor
    184387010 Wharfinger
    214587010 Telegraph-Service Rater
    248387014 Tonnage-Compilation Clerk
    237367030 Manager, Traffic II
    214482022 Rater
    214362022 Insurance Clerk
    241267026 Deposit Clerk
    214482018 Medical-Voucher Clerk
    214482014 Deposit-Refund Clerk
    216382034 Cost Clerk
    214267010 Rate Analyst, Freight
    221382026 Sample Clerk

    AIM97 (Apprenticeship Information Management): No crosswalks

    CEN90 (1990 Census Occupations): 339 Billing Clerks
    343 Cost and Rate Clerks
    344 Billing, Posting, and Calculating Machine Operators
    368 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers and Samplers

    CIP90 (Classification of Instructional Programs): 520302 Accounting Technician
    080709 General Distribution Operations
    520408 General Office/Clerical and Typing Services
    520499 Administrative and Secretarial Services, Other
    521403 International Business Marketing
    520803 Banking and Financial Support Services
    520801 Finance, General
    520401 Administrative Assistant/Secretarial Science, General

    GOE93 (Guide for Occupational Exploration): 050902 Material Control: Estimating, Scheduling, and Record Keeping
    070202 Mathematical Detail: Accounting
    070104 Administrative Detail: Financial Work
    070204 Mathematical Detail: Billing and Rate Computation
    070703 Clerical Handling: General Clerical Work
    070203 Mathematical Detail: Statistical Reporting and Analysis
    110603 Finance: Risk and Profit Analysis

    MOC97 (Military Occupational Codes): 6F151 Financial Analysis
    6F131 Financial Analysis
    2815 Independent Duty Afloat Storekeeper

    OES98 (Occupational Employment Statistics): 55344 Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks

    OPM97 (Office of Personnel Management Occupations): 0503 Financial Clerical and Assistance
    2131 Freight Rate

    SOC98 (Standard Occupational Classification): 43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators


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