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TITLE: Counseling Psychologists
DEFINITION: Assess and evaluate individuals' problems through the use of case history, interview, and observation and provide individual or group counseling services to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social, educational, and vocational development and adjustment.
TASKS:
1. Counsels clients to assist them in understanding personal or interactive problems, defining goals, and developing realistic action plans.
2. Collects information about individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, observational techniques, and other assessment methods.
3. Develops therapeutic and treatment plans based on individual interests, abilities, or needs of clients.
4. Selects, administers, or interprets psychological tests to assess intelligence, aptitude, ability, or interests.
5. Advises clients on the potential benefits of counseling or makes referrals to specialists or other institutions for non-counseling problems.
6. Analyzes data, such as interview notes, test results, and reference manuals and texts to identify symptoms and diagnose the nature of client's problems.
7. Evaluates results of counseling methods to determine the reliability and validity of treatments.
8. Consults with other professionals to discuss therapy or treatment, counseling resources or techniques, and to share occupational information.
9. Conducts research to develop or improve diagnostic or therapeutic counseling techniques.
KNOWLEDGE:
Knowledge elements are ranked by importance.
100 Therapy and Counseling
Knowledge of information and techniques needed to rehabilitate physical and mental ailments and to provide career guidance including alternative treatments, rehabilitation equipment and its proper use, and methods to evaluate treatment effects
100 Psychology
Knowledge of human behavior and performance, mental processes, psychological research methods, and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders
63 Mathematics
Knowledge of numbers, their operations, and interrelationships including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications
46 Communications and Media
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods including alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media
42 English Language
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar
38 Sociology and Anthropology
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, cultures, their history, migrations, ethnicity, and origins
38 Education and Training
Knowledge of instructional methods and training techniques including curriculum design principles, learning theory, group and individual teaching techniques, design of individual development plans, and test design principles
33 Customer and Personal Service
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services including needs assessment techniques, quality service standards, alternative delivery systems, and customer satisfaction evaluation techniques
29 Administration and Management
Knowledge of principles and processes involved in business and organizational planning, coordination, and execution. This includes strategic planning, resource allocation, manpower modeling, leadership techniques, and production methods
21 Clerical
Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing systems, filing and records management systems, stenography and transcription, forms design principles, and other office procedures and terminology
21 Personnel and Human Resources
Knowledge of policies and practices involved in personnel/human resource functions. This includes recruitment, selection, training, and promotion regulations and procedures; compensation and benefits packages; labor relations and negotiation strategies; and personnel information systems
21 Telecommunications
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems
17 Economics and Accounting
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data
17 Philosophy and Theology
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions, including their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, and practices, and their impact on human culture
17 Computers and Electronics
Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming
13 Law, Government and Jurisprudence
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process
4 Public Safety and Security
Knowledge of weaponry, public safety, and security operations, rules, regulations, precautions, prevention, and the protection of people, data, and property
SKILLS:
Skills elements are ranked by importance.
100 Active Listening
Listening to what other people are saying and asking questions as appropriate
100 Social Perceptiveness
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react the way they do
96 Reading Comprehension
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents
92 Critical Thinking
Using logic and analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
88 Active Learning
Working with new material or information to grasp its implications
83 Information Gathering
Knowing how to find information and identifying essential information
83 Speaking
Talking to others to effectively convey information
83 Problem Identification
Identifying the nature of problems
83 Idea Evaluation
Evaluating the likely success of an idea in relation to the demands of the situation
79 Writing
Communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the audience
75 Learning Strategies
Using multiple approaches when learning or teaching new things
75 Information Organization
Finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces of information
71 Solution Appraisal
Observing and evaluating the outcomes of a problem solution to identify lessons learned or redirect efforts
71 Implementation Planning
Developing approaches for implementing an idea
67 Persuasion
Persuading others to approach things differently
67 Identification of Key Causes
Identifying the things that must be changed to achieve a goal
67 Monitoring
Assessing how well one is doing when learning or doing something
67 Synthesis/Reorganization
Reorganizing information to get a better approach to problems or tasks
63 Mathematics
Using mathematics to solve problems
63 Science
Using scientific methods to solve problems
58 Judgment and Decision Making
Weighing the relative costs and benefits of a potential action
54 Coordination
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions
54 Instructing
Teaching others how to do something
54 Service Orientation
Actively looking for ways to help people
54 Idea Generation
Generating a number of different approaches to problems
50 Visioning
Developing an image of how a system should work under ideal conditions
46 Systems Evaluation
Looking at many indicators of system performance, taking into account their accuracy
42 Time Management
Managing one's own time and the time of others
42 Identifying Downstream Consequences
Determining the long-term outcomes of a change in operations
38 Systems Perception
Determining when important changes have occurred in a system or are likely to occur
33 Testing
Conducting tests to determine whether equipment, software, or procedures are operating as expected
33 Negotiation
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences
29 Operations Analysis
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design
25 Product Inspection
Inspecting and evaluating the quality of products
25 Troubleshooting
Determining what is causing an operating error and deciding what to do about it
21 Management of Personnel Resources
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job
21 Equipment Selection
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job
17 Management of Material Resources
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work
17 Operation and Control
Controlling operations of equipment or systems
17 Management of Financial Resources
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures
13 Technology Design
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs
13 Operation Monitoring
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly
8 Installation
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications
4 Equipment Maintenance
Performing routine maintenance and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed .
ABILITIES:
Abilities elements are ranked by importance.
95 Oral Comprehension
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences
95 Oral Expression
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand
95 Inductive Reasoning
The ability to combine separate pieces of information, or specific answers to problems, to form general rules or conclusions. It includes coming up with a logical explanation for why a series of seemingly unrelated events occur together.
95 Problem Sensitivity
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
90 Written Comprehension
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing
90 Written Expression
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand
85 Deductive Reasoning
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer makes sense.
70 Speech Recognition
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person
70 Speech Clarity
The ability to speak clearly so that it is understandable to a listener
70 Originality
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem
55 Memorization
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures
50 Near Vision
The ability to see details of objects at a close range (within a few feet of the observer)
50 Speed of Closure
The ability to quickly make sense of information that seems to be without meaning or organization. It involves quickly combining and organizing different pieces of information into a meaningful pattern
50 Fluency of Ideas
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a given topic. It concerns the number of ideas produced and not the quality, correctness, or creativity of the ideas.
45 Information Ordering
The ability to correctly follow a given rule or set of rules in order to arrange things or actions in a certain order. The things or actions can include numbers, letters, words, pictures, procedures, sentences, and mathematical or logical operations.
40 Mathematical Reasoning
The ability to understand and organize a problem and then to select a mathematical method or formula to solve the problem
40 Trunk Strength
The ability to use one's abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing
35 Number Facility
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly
30 Flexibility of Closure
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material
25 Auditory Attention
The ability to focus on a single source of auditory (hearing) information in the presence of other distracting sounds
20 Selective Attention
The ability to concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task over a period of time
20 Time Sharing
The ability to efficiently shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources)
20 Category Flexibility
The ability to produce many rules so that each rule tells how to group (or combine) a set of things in a different way.
15 Visualization
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged
15 Finger Dexterity
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects
10 Arm-Hand Steadiness
The ability to keep the hand and arm steady while making an arm movement or while holding the arm and hand in one position
10 Hearing Sensitivity
The ability to detect or tell the difference between sounds that vary over broad ranges of pitch and loudness
10 Wrist-Finger Speed
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists
10 Far Vision
The ability to see details at a distance
5 Peripheral Vision
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are focused forward
5 Visual Color Discrimination
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness
5 Perceptual Speed
The ability to quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object
WORK ACTIVITIES:
Work activities elements are ranked by importance.
90 Getting Information Needed to Do the Job
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
85 Making Decisions and Solving Problems
Combining, evaluating, and reasoning with information and data to make decisions and solve problems. These processes involve making decisions about the relative importance of information and choosing the best solution.
85 Assisting and Caring for Others
Providing assistance or personal care to others.
80 Analyzing Data or Information
Identifying underlying principles, reasons, or facts by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
80 Establishing and Maintaining Relationships
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others.
75 Processing Information
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, verifying, or processing information or data.
75 Communicating With Persons Outside Organization
Communicating with persons outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.
70 Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events
Identifying information received by making estimates or categorizations, recognizing differences or similarities, or sensing changes in circumstances or events.
70 Communicating With Other Workers
Providing information to supervisors, fellow workers, and subordinates. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.
65 Performing For or Working With Public
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public, including serving persons in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
65 Interpreting Meaning of Information to Others
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be understood or used to support responses or feedback to others.
65 Documenting or Recording Information
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in either written form or by electronic/magnetic recording.
60 Providing Consultation and Advice to Others
Providing consultation and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-related, or process related topics.
55 Interacting With Computers
Controlling computer functions by using programs, setting up functions, writing software, or otherwise communicating with computer systems.
55 Developing Objectives and Strategies
Establishing long range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve these objectives.
55 Updating and Using Job-Relevant Knowledge
Keeping up-to-date technically and knowing one's own jobs' and related jobs' functions.
45 Judging Qualities of Things, Services, or People
Making judgments about or assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
40 Thinking Creatively
Originating, inventing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
40 Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing
Developing plans to accomplish work, and prioritizing and organizing one's own work.
40 Monitor Processes, Material, or Surroundings
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, often to detect problems or to find out when things are finished.
35 Resolving Conflict or Negotiating with Others
Handling complaints, arbitrating disputes, and resolving grievances, or otherwise negotiating with others.
35 Estimating Needed Characteristics
Estimating the Characteristics of Materials, Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities, or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
35 Coaching and Developing Others
Identifying developmental needs of others and coaching or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
35 Selling or Influencing Others
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods, or otherwise changing their minds or actions.
35 Handling and Moving Objects
Using one's own hands and arms in handling, installing, forming, positioning, and moving materials, or in manipulating things, including the use of keyboards.
30 Performing Administrative Activities
Approving requests, handling paperwork, and performing day-to-day administrative tasks.
30 Teaching Others
Identifying educational needs, developing formal training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
30 Scheduling Work and Activities
Scheduling events, programs, activities, as well as the work of others.
30 Implementing Ideas or Programs
Conducting or carrying out work procedures and activities in accord with one's own ideas or information provided through directions/instructions for purposes of installing, modifying, preparing, delivering, constructing, integrating, finishing, or completing programs, systems, structures, or products.
25 Evaluating Information Against Standards
Evaluating information against a set of standards and verifying that it is correct.
20 Coordinating Work and Activities of Others
Coordinating members of a work group to accomplish tasks.
20 Monitoring and Controlling Resources
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
20 Performing General Physical Activities
Performing physical activities that require moving one's whole body, such as in climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, where the activities often also require considerable use of the arms and legs, such as in the physical handling of materials.
10 Guiding, Directing and Motivating Subordinates
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring subordinates.
10 Staffing Organizational Units
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting persons for the organization.
5 Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material
Inspecting or diagnosing equipment, structures, or materials to identify the causes of errors or other problems or defects.
5 Controlling Machines and Processes
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
5 Operating Vehicles or Equipment
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
5 Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment
Fixing, servicing, aligning, setting up, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
5 Repairing and Maintaining Electrical Equipment
Fixing, servicing, adjusting, regulating, calibrating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
5 Developing and Building Teams
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
WORK CONTEXT:
Work context elements are ranked by frequency (F), importance (I), responsibility (R), amount of contact (C), how serious (S), objective vs. subjective (O), automation (A), extent of frustration (E), responsible for health and safety (H), likelihood of injury (L), degree of injury (D) .
100 (F) Indoors
How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Indoors
93 (C) Job-Required Social Interaction
How much does this job require the worker to be in contact (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) with others in order to perform it?
92 (I) Provide a Service to Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Provide a service to others (e.g., customers)?
88 (I) Deal With External Customers
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Deal with external customers (e.g., retail sales) or the public in general (e.g., police work)?
85 (F) Sitting
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Sitting?
73 (S) Consequence of Error
How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
73 (O) Objective or Subjective Information
How objective or subjective is the information communicated in this job?
68 (I) Importance of Being Sure All Is Done
How important is it to be sure that all the details of this job are performed and everything is done completely?
65 (F) Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
64 (I) Importance of Being Aware of New Events
How important is being constantly aware of either frequently changing events (e.g. security guard watching for shoplifters) or infrequent events (e.g. radar operator watching for tornadoes) to performing this job?
64 (I) Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
60 (H) Responsible for Health and Safety of Others
How responsible is the worker for others' health and safety on this job?
55 (F) Frequency in Conflict Situations
How frequently do the job requirements place the worker in conflict situations?
50 (E) Frustrating Circumstances
To what extent do frustrating circumstances ("road blocks" to work that are beyond the worker's control) hinder the accomplishment of this job?
50 (F) Deal With Physically Aggressive People
How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
40 (I) Take a Position Opposed to Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Take a position opposed to coworkers or others?
40 (F) Standing
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Standing?
36 (I) Persuade Someone to a Course of Action
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Persuade someone to a course of action (informally) or influence others to buy something (to sell)?
34 (R) Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
32 (I) Coordinate or Lead Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities (not supervision)?
15 (F) Diseases or Infections
How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to diseases/infection? Diseases/Infections (e.g., patient care, some laboratory work, sanitation control, etc.)
10 (F) Walking or Running
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Walking or running?
9 (L) Diseases or Infections
What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to diseases/infections while performing this job? Diseases/Infections (e.g., patient care, some laboratory work, sanitation control, etc.)
8 (D) Diseases or Infections
If injury, due to exposure to diseases/infection, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome? Diseases/Infections (e.g., patient care, some laboratory work, sanitation control, etc.)
8 (I) Supervise, Coach, Train Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Supervise, coach, train, or develop other employees?
8 (I) Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
5 (F) Outdoors
How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Outdoors
5 (F) Kneeling, Crouching or Crawling
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Kneeling, stooping, crouching or crawling?
5 (F) Bending or Twisting the Body
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Bending or twisting the body?
5 (F) Sounds or Noise Levels Are Distracting
How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable?
INTERESTS:
Interest elements are ranked by occupational interest.
94 Social
Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
78 Investigative
Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
61 Artistic
Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
39 Conventional
Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
28 Enterprising
Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
17 Realistic
Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
WORK VALUES:
Work values elements are ranked by extent.
89 Achievement-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
89 Independence-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
71 Working Conditions-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
60 Relationships-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
59 Recognition-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
15 Support-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
97 Social Service
Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people
94 Autonomy
Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision
91 Achievement
Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment
88 Working Conditions
Workers on this job have good working conditions
88 Creativity
Workers on this job try out their own ideas
88 Ability Utilization
Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities
84 Security
Workers on this job have steady employment
84 Responsibility
Workers on this job make decisions on their own
75 Recognition
Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do
72 Social Status
Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community
72 Variety
Workers on this job have something different to do every day
69 Compensation
Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers
63 Activity
Workers on this job are busy all the time
53 Independence
Workers on this job do their work alone
53 Authority
Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others
47 Moral Values
Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong
38 Co-workers
Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with
38 Advancement
Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement
25 Company Policies and Practices
Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company
16 Supervision, Human Relations
Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management
3 Supervision, Technical
Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well
CROSSWALKS:
| DOT91 (Dictionary of Occupational Titles): |
045107026 Psychologist, Counseling 045107054 Counselor, Marriage and Family |
| AIM97 (Apprenticeship Information Management): |
No crosswalks |
| CEN90 (1990 Census Occupations): |
167 Psychologists |
| CIP90 (Classification of Instructional Programs): |
420201 Clinical Psychology 420101 Psychology, General 131102 College/Postsecondary Student Counseling and Personnel Servi 131101 Counselor Education Counseling and Guidance Services 512705 Psychoanalysis 420601 Counseling Psychology |
| GOE93 (Guide for Occupational Exploration): |
100102 Social Services: Counseling and Social Work |
| MOC97 (Military Occupational Codes): |
0851 Clinical Psychologist 0868 Social Worker 73B Clinical Psychology 42S1 Clinical Social Worker 42S3 Clinical Social Worker 61S1B Scientist 42S4 Clinical Social Worker 61S3B Scientist |
| OES98 (Occupational Employment Statistics): |
27108 Psychologists |
| OPM97 (Office of Personnel Management Occupations): |
0180 Psychology |
| SOC98 (Standard Occupational Classification): |
19-3031 Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists |
