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TITLE: Stenographers
DEFINITION: Take dictation in shorthand and transcribe dictated material.
TASKS:
1. Takes dictation in shorthand of correspondence, reports, and other narrated information.
2. Operates typewriter or word processing computer to transcribe dictated material.
3. Drafts and types narrative from rough drafts, dictation, and tape recorded notes.
4. Prepares letters and packages for shipping.
KNOWLEDGE:
Knowledge elements are ranked by importance.
100 Clerical
Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing systems, filing and records management systems, stenography and transcription, forms design principles, and other office procedures and terminology
71 English Language
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar
67 Computers and Electronics
Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming
54 Communications and Media
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods including alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media
33 Production and Processing
Knowledge of inputs, outputs, raw materials, waste, quality control, costs, and techniques for maximizing the manufacture and distribution of goods
25 Customer and Personal Service
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services including needs assessment techniques, quality service standards, alternative delivery systems, and customer satisfaction evaluation techniques
21 Transportation
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including their relative costs, advantages, and limitations
17 Mathematics
Knowledge of numbers, their operations, and interrelationships including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications
17 Economics and Accounting
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data
13 Administration and Management
Knowledge of principles and processes involved in business and organizational planning, coordination, and execution. This includes strategic planning, resource allocation, manpower modeling, leadership techniques, and production methods
13 Psychology
Knowledge of human behavior and performance, mental processes, psychological research methods, and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders
8 Geography
Knowledge of various methods for describing the location and distribution of land, sea, and air masses including their physical locations, relationships, and characteristics
4 Telecommunications
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems
4 Mechanical
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, benefits, repair, and maintenance
4 Public Safety and Security
Knowledge of weaponry, public safety, and security operations, rules, regulations, precautions, prevention, and the protection of people, data, and property
SKILLS:
Skills elements are ranked by importance.
83 Writing
Communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the audience
79 Active Listening
Listening to what other people are saying and asking questions as appropriate
75 Reading Comprehension
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents
63 Monitoring
Assessing how well one is doing when learning or doing something
50 Product Inspection
Inspecting and evaluating the quality of products
42 Solution Appraisal
Observing and evaluating the outcomes of a problem solution to identify lessons learned or redirect efforts
38 Active Learning
Working with new material or information to grasp its implications
38 Operation and Control
Controlling operations of equipment or systems
33 Information Organization
Finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces of information
33 Information Gathering
Knowing how to find information and identifying essential information
29 Time Management
Managing one's own time and the time of others
29 Synthesis/Reorganization
Reorganizing information to get a better approach to problems or tasks
25 Speaking
Talking to others to effectively convey information
25 Critical Thinking
Using logic and analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
25 Learning Strategies
Using multiple approaches when learning or teaching new things
21 Coordination
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions
21 Identification of Key Causes
Identifying the things that must be changed to achieve a goal
21 Equipment Selection
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job
21 Technology Design
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs
21 Operations Analysis
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design
21 Judgment and Decision Making
Weighing the relative costs and benefits of a potential action
21 Operation Monitoring
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly
17 Problem Identification
Identifying the nature of problems
17 Persuasion
Persuading others to approach things differently
17 Instructing
Teaching others how to do something
17 Idea Evaluation
Evaluating the likely success of an idea in relation to the demands of the situation
17 Service Orientation
Actively looking for ways to help people
13 Management of Material Resources
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work
13 Troubleshooting
Determining what is causing an operating error and deciding what to do about it
13 Idea Generation
Generating a number of different approaches to problems
13 Social Perceptiveness
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react the way they do
13 Implementation Planning
Developing approaches for implementing an idea
13 Visioning
Developing an image of how a system should work under ideal conditions
13 Identifying Downstream Consequences
Determining the long-term outcomes of a change in operations
13 Systems Perception
Determining when important changes have occurred in a system or are likely to occur
8 Equipment Maintenance
Performing routine maintenance and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed
8 Management of Personnel Resources
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job
8 Installation
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications
8 Negotiation
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences
8 Science
Using scientific methods to solve problems
8 Repairing
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools
8 Systems Evaluation
Looking at many indicators of system performance, taking into account their accuracy
8 Mathematics
Using mathematics to solve problems
4 Management of Financial Resources
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures
4 Testing
Conducting tests to determine whether equipment, software, or procedures are operating as expected .
ABILITIES:
Abilities elements are ranked by importance.
100 Oral Comprehension
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences
85 Written Comprehension
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing
85 Written Expression
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand
75 Wrist-Finger Speed
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists
65 Selective Attention
The ability to concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task over a period of time
60 Speech Recognition
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person
60 Near Vision
The ability to see details of objects at a close range (within a few feet of the observer)
55 Memorization
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures
55 Speed of Closure
The ability to quickly make sense of information that seems to be without meaning or organization. It involves quickly combining and organizing different pieces of information into a meaningful pattern
55 Information Ordering
The ability to correctly follow a given rule or set of rules in order to arrange things or actions in a certain order. The things or actions can include numbers, letters, words, pictures, procedures, sentences, and mathematical or logical operations.
50 Perceptual Speed
The ability to quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object
45 Time Sharing
The ability to efficiently shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources)
45 Oral Expression
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand
45 Auditory Attention
The ability to focus on a single source of auditory (hearing) information in the presence of other distracting sounds
40 Multilimb Coordination
The ability to coordinate movements of two or more limbs together (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the body is in motion
40 Speech Clarity
The ability to speak clearly so that it is understandable to a listener
35 Speed of Limb Movement
The ability to quickly move the arms or legs
35 Number Facility
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly
35 Sound Localization
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated
30 Visualization
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged
30 Category Flexibility
The ability to produce many rules so that each rule tells how to group (or combine) a set of things in a different way.
30 Deductive Reasoning
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer makes sense.
30 Problem Sensitivity
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
30 Arm-Hand Steadiness
The ability to keep the hand and arm steady while making an arm movement or while holding the arm and hand in one position
30 Finger Dexterity
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects
20 Inductive Reasoning
The ability to combine separate pieces of information, or specific answers to problems, to form general rules or conclusions. It includes coming up with a logical explanation for why a series of seemingly unrelated events occur together.
20 Manual Dexterity
The ability to quickly make coordinated movements of one hand, a hand together with its arm, or two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects
20 Mathematical Reasoning
The ability to understand and organize a problem and then to select a mathematical method or formula to solve the problem
20 Reaction Time
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to one signal (sound, light, picture, etc.) when it appears
20 Trunk Strength
The ability to use one's abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing
20 Extent Flexibility
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with the body, arms, and/or legs
20 Control Precision
The ability to quickly and repeatedly make precise adjustments in moving the controls of a machine or vehicle to exact positions
15 Hearing Sensitivity
The ability to detect or tell the difference between sounds that vary over broad ranges of pitch and loudness
15 Spatial Orientation
The ability to know one's location in relation to the environment, or to know where other objects are in relation to one's self
10 Static Strength
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects
10 Flexibility of Closure
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material
10 Stamina
The ability to exert one's self physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath
10 Far Vision
The ability to see details at a distance
5 Dynamic Flexibility
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with the body, arms, and/or legs
5 Glare Sensitivity
The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting
5 Fluency of Ideas
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a given topic. It concerns the number of ideas produced and not the quality, correctness, or creativity of the ideas.
5 Originality
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem
5 Night Vision
The ability to see under low light conditions
5 Visual Color Discrimination
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness
5 Response Orientation
The ability to choose quickly and correctly between two or more movements in response to two or more signals (lights, sounds, pictures, etc.). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body parts
5 Gross Body Equilibrium
The ability to keep or regain one's body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position
WORK ACTIVITIES:
Work activities elements are ranked by importance.
85 Documenting or Recording Information
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in either written form or by electronic/magnetic recording.
80 Handling and Moving Objects
Using one's own hands and arms in handling, installing, forming, positioning, and moving materials, or in manipulating things, including the use of keyboards.
80 Interacting With Computers
Controlling computer functions by using programs, setting up functions, writing software, or otherwise communicating with computer systems.
70 Getting Information Needed to Do the Job
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
65 Processing Information
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, verifying, or processing information or data.
50 Evaluating Information Against Standards
Evaluating information against a set of standards and verifying that it is correct.
50 Communicating With Other Workers
Providing information to supervisors, fellow workers, and subordinates. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.
45 Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events
Identifying information received by making estimates or categorizations, recognizing differences or similarities, or sensing changes in circumstances or events.
35 Analyzing Data or Information
Identifying underlying principles, reasons, or facts by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
30 Monitor Processes, Material, or Surroundings
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, often to detect problems or to find out when things are finished.
30 Interpreting Meaning of Information to Others
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be understood or used to support responses or feedback to others.
30 Performing General Physical Activities
Performing physical activities that require moving one's whole body, such as in climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, where the activities often also require considerable use of the arms and legs, such as in the physical handling of materials.
25 Performing Administrative Activities
Approving requests, handling paperwork, and performing day-to-day administrative tasks.
25 Updating and Using Job-Relevant Knowledge
Keeping up-to-date technically and knowing one's own jobs' and related jobs' functions.
25 Estimating Needed Characteristics
Estimating the Characteristics of Materials, Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities, or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
25 Judging Qualities of Things, Services, or People
Making judgments about or assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
25 Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing
Developing plans to accomplish work, and prioritizing and organizing one's own work.
20 Communicating With Persons Outside Organization
Communicating with persons outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.
20 Thinking Creatively
Originating, inventing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
15 Monitoring and Controlling Resources
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
15 Establishing and Maintaining Relationships
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others.
10 Implementing Ideas or Programs
Conducting or carrying out work procedures and activities in accord with one's own ideas or information provided through directions/instructions for purposes of installing, modifying, preparing, delivering, constructing, integrating, finishing, or completing programs, systems, structures, or products.
10 Assisting and Caring for Others
Providing assistance or personal care to others.
10 Controlling Machines and Processes
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
10 Coordinating Work and Activities of Others
Coordinating members of a work group to accomplish tasks.
10 Making Decisions and Solving Problems
Combining, evaluating, and reasoning with information and data to make decisions and solve problems. These processes involve making decisions about the relative importance of information and choosing the best solution.
5 Scheduling Work and Activities
Scheduling events, programs, activities, as well as the work of others.
5 Developing Objectives and Strategies
Establishing long range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve these objectives.
5 Repairing and Maintaining Electrical Equipment
Fixing, servicing, adjusting, regulating, calibrating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
5 Selling or Influencing Others
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods, or otherwise changing their minds or actions.
5 Resolving Conflict or Negotiating with Others
Handling complaints, arbitrating disputes, and resolving grievances, or otherwise negotiating with others.
5 Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material
Inspecting or diagnosing equipment, structures, or materials to identify the causes of errors or other problems or defects.
5 Developing and Building Teams
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
5 Teaching Others
Identifying educational needs, developing formal training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
5 Coaching and Developing Others
Identifying developmental needs of others and coaching or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
5 Providing Consultation and Advice to Others
Providing consultation and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-related, or process related topics.
5 Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment
Fixing, servicing, aligning, setting up, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
WORK CONTEXT:
Work context elements are ranked by frequency (F), importance (I), responsibility (R), amount of contact (C), how serious (S), objective vs. subjective (O), automation (A), extent of frustration (E), responsible for health and safety (H), likelihood of injury (L), degree of injury (D) .
100 (F) Indoors
How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Indoors
95 (F) Sitting
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Sitting?
85 (F) Making Repetitive Motions
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Making repetitive motions?
80 (I) Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
72 (I) Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
72 (I) Importance of Being Sure All Is Done
How important is it to be sure that all the details of this job are performed and everything is done completely?
70 (F) Using Hands on Objects, Tools, Controls
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Using hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
52 (I) Provide a Service to Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Provide a service to others (e.g., customers)?
40 (I) Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
33 (S) Consequence of Error
How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
33 (C) Job-Required Social Interaction
How much does this job require the worker to be in contact (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) with others in order to perform it?
30 (F) Standing
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Standing?
27 (A) Degree of Automation
Indicate the level of automation of this job.
23 (E) Frustrating Circumstances
To what extent do frustrating circumstances ("road blocks" to work that are beyond the worker's control) hinder the accomplishment of this job?
20 (F) Walking or Running
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Walking or running?
17 (R) Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
16 (I) Importance of Being Aware of New Events
How important is being constantly aware of either frequently changing events (e.g. security guard watching for shoplifters) or infrequent events (e.g. radar operator watching for tornadoes) to performing this job?
15 (F) Bending or Twisting the Body
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Bending or twisting the body?
13 (O) Objective or Subjective Information
How objective or subjective is the information communicated in this job?
12 (I) Deal With External Customers
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Deal with external customers (e.g., retail sales) or the public in general (e.g., police work)?
10 (F) Outdoors
How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Outdoors
10 (F) Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
10 (F) Sounds or Noise Levels Are Distracting
How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable?
10 (F) Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
8 (I) Persuade Someone to a Course of Action
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Persuade someone to a course of action (informally) or influence others to buy something (to sell)?
8 (I) Supervise, Coach, Train Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Supervise, coach, train, or develop other employees?
5 (F) Special Uniform
How often does the worker wear: A special uniform, such as that of a commercial pilot, nurse, police officer, or military personnel?
5 (F) Kneeling, Crouching or Crawling
How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Kneeling, stooping, crouching or crawling?
5 (F) Frequency in Conflict Situations
How frequently do the job requirements place the worker in conflict situations?
5 (F) Very Hot
How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Very hot (above 90 F) or very cold (under 32 F) temperatures?
4 (I) Coordinate or Lead Others
How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities (not supervision)?
3 (H) Responsible for Health and Safety of Others
How responsible is the worker for others' health and safety on this job?
INTERESTS:
Interest elements are ranked by occupational interest.
94 Conventional
Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
39 Enterprising
Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
39 Realistic
Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
28 Social
Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
17 Investigative
Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
11 Artistic
Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
WORK VALUES:
Work values elements are ranked by extent.
56 Support-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
53 Working Conditions-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
50 Relationships-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
38 Achievement-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
30 Independence-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
23 Recognition-Mean Extent
Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
81 Moral Values
Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong
69 Working Conditions
Workers on this job have good working conditions
69 Company Policies and Practices
Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company
63 Security
Workers on this job have steady employment
59 Independence
Workers on this job do their work alone
56 Activity
Workers on this job are busy all the time
53 Supervision, Human Relations
Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management
50 Compensation
Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers
47 Supervision, Technical
Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well
41 Autonomy
Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision
38 Ability Utilization
Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities
38 Co-workers
Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with
38 Achievement
Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment
34 Responsibility
Workers on this job make decisions on their own
34 Social Status
Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community
31 Advancement
Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement
31 Social Service
Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people
22 Recognition
Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do
22 Variety
Workers on this job have something different to do every day
16 Creativity
Workers on this job try out their own ideas
6 Authority
Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others
CROSSWALKS:
| DOT91 (Dictionary of Occupational Titles): |
202362014 Stenographer 202362018 Stenographer, Print Shop |
| AIM97 (Apprenticeship Information Management): |
No crosswalks |
| CEN90 (1990 Census Occupations): |
314 Stenographers |
| CIP90 (Classification of Instructional Programs): |
510708 Medical Transcription 520401 Administrative Assistant/Secretarial Science, General |
| GOE93 (Guide for Occupational Exploration): |
070503 Records Processing: Record Preparation and Maintenance |
| MOC97 (Military Occupational Codes): |
5J031 Paralegal 5J051 Paralegal YN Yman 4429 Legal Services Reporter (Stenotype) 2514 Flag Officer Writer |
| OES98 (Occupational Employment Statistics): |
55302 Stenographers and/Or Court Reporters |
| OPM97 (Office of Personnel Management Occupations): |
0312 Clerk-Stenographer and Reporter 0379 Gen Adm, Clerical, and Office Services Group 0319 Closed Microphone Reporting |
| SOC98 (Standard Occupational Classification): |
No crosswalks |
